Socrates Last Error Essay -- Philosophy Papers

Socrates' Last Error In the dialogue, Crito, Socrates justified his decision to accept his death penalty. His decision was praised as principled and just. However, such a view was one of the greatest myths in the history of philosophy. Contrary to the accepted ideas, I wish to show that Socrates’ argument was erroneous, the crucial error being his failure to distinguish between substantial and procedural justice. In fact, the whole of the Crito refers to some deeper problems of the philosophy of law and morality. The dialogue "Crito" recounts Socrates' last days, immediately before his execution. As the text reveals, his friend Crito proposes to Socrates that he escape from prison. In a dialogue with Crito, Socrates considers the proposal, trying to establish whether an act like that would be just and morally justified. Eventually, he came to argue that by rejecting his sentence and by trying to escape from prison he would commit unjust and morally unjustified acts. Therefore, he decided to accept his death penalty and execution. Because of his decision, he became one of the cult figures in the history of philosophy, a man of intact moral integrity who had made his final decision according to the very same principles that guided his entire life. He was praised as a grand rationalist who had acted rationally and justly—a view which, I believe, represents one of the greatest myths in the history of philosophy. Contrary to this widely accepted myth, I will try to demonstrate that Socrates' argument was erroneous, which made his decision less rational. In fact, had he decided to escape, his behavior would not have represented an unjust act. Although his argumentation and dialogue with Crito seem more like a moral sermon, his ... ... of Law and State, p. 113. (2) Hart, The Concept of Law, p. 203. (3) Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae, I-II, question 95. (4) Plato, Crito, in: The Works of Plato, The Nottingham Society, New York, vol. III, p. 125-6. (the year of publication unknown). (5) Ibid. p. 126. (6) Ibid. p. 126. (7) H. L., Hart, The Concept of Law, ch. VIII, and D., Lyons, Ethics and the rule of law, Cambridge University Press, 1989, p. 78 ff, (8) D., Lyons, Ethics and the Rule of Law, Cambridge University Press, 1989, p. 81. (9) Plato, The Apology, in: The Works of Plato, The Nottingham Society, New York, vol. III, p. 91. (the year of publication unknown). (10) Plato, Crito, in: The Works of Plato, The Nottingham Society, New York, vol. III, p. 129. (the year of publication unknown). (11) Ibid., 124. (12) Ibid., 124. (13) St. Augustine, Confessions, IV.

Jharkhand State Essay

Jharkhand is poorest state of country due to massive loot & naxalite problems.No development has taken place due to massive corruption & change of eight govts in span of 12 years.Most of political leaders are using this state as grazing field retarding the progress.The govt machinery is thoughroughly following path of corrupt CMs & ministers of past govts.Now President rule is imposed which is serious challege for govt to speed up progress on warfooting & naxalite menace to be curbed on top priority basis who are looting & killing innocent people for extortion.There is no difference between corrupt politicians & naxalites as both are fulfilling their ambition to amass wealth. Thirdly corruption is to be curbed on top priority basis by dismissing corrupts from service immediately followed by seizure of all illegal assets acquired by them by looting state exchequer.Forthly a CBI inquiry is must against all corrupt politicians & officials followed by seizure of their all assets.The corruption cases must be decided by fast track courts for convicting culprits within timeframe since large nos of corruption cases of Maulyam,laloo,Mayawati,Jayalalitha,Raja,Kalmadi,Kanimuzhi are pending in different courts since several decades which is encouraging massive corruption in country. Congress govt is also connived with these corrupt leaders in delaying these cases which branded Congress as most corrupt party of country & people lost all faith.This will have very serious repercussions for the party in coming elections which may lead to humialiating defeats in future if remedial measures are not taken immediately by passing Lok pal Bill.1/3 women reservation in parliament & assemblies,debarring criminals from entering politics as directed by Supreme Court & Chief Election commissioner.Anna is going to launch mass movement from 30th January13 which will ensure defeat of all corrupt parties who deceived the nation on above issues. Pranab Mukherjee, the President of India on 18 January 2013 imposed President’s Rule in Jharkhand. The decision came as a follow up of the recommendation made by the Union Cabinet of India on 17 January 2013 and fall of the state machinery in form of Government on 8 January 2013 after the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha the supporting party to BJP led Coalition Government withdrew its support from it. The President imposed the Rule on the state following the provisions of imposition of President’s Rule on a state mentioned under Article 356 (1) of the Constitution of India, after the failure of Constitutional Machinery in the state. Madhukar Gupta, the former Union Home Secretary and K. Vijay Kumar, the former Central Reserve Police Force Director General has been appointed as the advisers to the Governor of Jharkhand, Syed Ahmed. Madhukar Gupta †¢ He retired as the Union Home Secretary in June 2009. †¢ He is a former Uttrakhand Cadre IAS Officer K. Vijay Kumar †¢ He is an IPS officer of the Tamil Nadu Cadre †¢ He has served as an adviser in the Ministry of Home Affairs for dealing with Naxal and internal security issues

Personal Reflection On Self - 1635 Words

Throughout the past year, I’ve built many relationships that have allowed me to reflect on not only myself, but also the work I want to do and what my role can be in that work. These relationships have occurred with my peers, upperclassmen Civic Scholars, the community partner I worked work with, the students I worked with, and Civic House staff. First, my relationships with my peers have made a big impact on me. Prior to PennCORP and the Civic Scholars program, I never had the opportunity to be in a room with like-minded individuals who were passionate about social change and how they wanted to enact it. This type of space in itself drastically changed how I looked at myself, reflected on my identity, and how I wanted to go about the†¦show more content†¦Now I know this is where taking resources that are offered to you is most critical (and I’m still working on that!) I’ve learned that people, or more specifically your friends, are there for you to depend on, to take care of you, and to stick it out with. This seems like a very basic lesson, but one I had never been taught before and it has strengthened my relationship building skills. I’ve learned that vulnerability is so key in building a relationship and allowing people to become invested in you by exploring those vulnerabilities and helping you work through and repair them, together. I’ve learned that it’s okay to have to depend on each other, because that’s what the relationship is, because you can have all the mutual interests in the world, but you’ll never build a proper relationship without organic exchange. This translates to more than just people too, it applies in terms of thinking about the work I do. Even if an organization holds all the principles you hold close to you, if you don’t think about the relationship beyond transactional terms, it isn’t a beneficial one for either you or the organization or it’s constituents. It’s not until you partner with that organization and give them a stake in your own development that it becomes a worthwhile endeavor—or at least that’s how I’ve come to define it. 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